DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. What is a database?

A database is an organized collection of data. It can be visualised as a container of information.

2. What is Database Management System?

A database management system is a software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database.

3. Give some examples of DBMS

Some examples of DBMS are Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, MySQL, FoxPro, SQLite and MySQL

4. What are the two types in which Data Files can be organised?

Data files can be organised as Flat file and Relational file.

5. What is flat file?

In Flat file data is stored in a single table. It is usually suitable for storing less amount of data.

5. What is relational file?

In Relational file data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field. It is suitable for storing medium to large amount of data.

6. What is Database Server?

Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Typically databases available on the database servers are accessed through command line or graphic user interface tools.

7. What is RDBMS?

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system that is based on the relational model.

8. What is Primary Key?

A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.

9. What is composite primary key?

When primary key constraint is applied on one or more columns then it is known as Composite Primary Key.

10. What is foreign key?

Foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in referencing table that refers to a column or set of columns in referenced table.

11. What is a Table?

A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical columns and horizontal rows. It is the basic building blocks of a database.

12. What is Columns or Fields or Attributes?

A column also called Field or Attribute is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table.

13. What is Rows or Records or Tuples?

A row also called a Record or Tuple represents a single, data item in a table.

14. What are datatypes? Name the different types of datatypes.

Datatypes are used to identify which type of data we are going to store in the database.

The different types of datatypes are

• Numeric Types

• Alphanumeric Types

• Binary Types

• Date time

• Other Variable types

15. In how many ways tables can be created in Base?

Tables can be created in three ways in Base

  • By Design view
  • By Wizard
  • By SQL Query

16. What is Data Manipulation Language? Give examples of DML commands.

A data manipulation language (DML) is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database.

Examples of DML commands are

  • SELECT statement: Retrieval of information from the database
  • INSERT statement: Insertion of new information into the database
  • DELETE statement: Deletion of information in the database
  • UPDATE statement: Modification of information in the database

17. What is Referential Integrity?

Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a relationship.

18. What are the features of Referential Integrity?

Referential integrity helps to avoid the following:

  • Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key table.
  • Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
  • Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in associated table(s).

19. What is relationship?

A relationship refers to an association or connection between two or more tables. When two tables are related we don't need to enter the same data in separate tables.

20. What are the advantages of creating relationship?

Relationships between tables helps to:

  • Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
  • Reduce data-entry errors.
  • Summarize data from related tables.

21. What are the different types of relationship? Explain them.

The different types of relationship are:

  • ONE to ONE
  • ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE
  • MANY to MANY

One to One Relationship: In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns.

One to Many Relationship: In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key column. It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of associated table.

Many to Many Relationship: In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies that all the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of associated table.

22. What is a form?

A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an interface in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in database objects such as tables.

23. What is a report?

A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the overall work outcome in a clear format.

24. What are the advantages of DBMS? Explain them.

The advantages of a database are:

  • Reduces Data Redundancy
  • Sharing of Data
  • Data Integrity
  • Data Security
  • Privacy
  • Backup and recovery
  • Data Consistency

Reduces Data Redundancy: Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data is stored in multiple locations. When we use a DBMS data is stored in a single location which helps in reducing redundancy.

Sharing of Data: Users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are various levels of authorization to access the data and consequently data can only be shared with the authorized users.

Data Integrity: It means that the data stored is accurate and consistent i.e. wrong information is not stored. It is done through validation checks.

Data Security: It is an important concept in a database. It is to ensure that only authorized users are allowed to access the database and their identity is authenticated using username and password.

Privacy: It ensures that only authorized users access the database according to his privacy constraints i.e. only the data which he is authorized to access will be shown and the other data will remain hidden.

Backup and Recovery: DBMS automatically takes care of backup and recovery. Data backups are taken at regular intervals. In case of crash or system failure the data is automatically restored to its original condition.

Data consistency: It helps to prevent multiple mismatching copies of the same data. All data appears consistently for all users and any changes are immediately reflected to them.

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